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| | 600 BC | The Etruscans establish cities from northern to central Italy | |
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| | 282 BC | 282-272: War with Pyrrhus | |
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| | 264 BC | 264-241: War with Carthage (First Punic War) | |
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| | 218 BC | Hannibal invades Italy | |
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| | 135BC | 135-132 BC First Servile War prompted by slave revolts | |
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| | 73 BC | 73 - 71 BC Slave uprising led by the gladiator called Spartacus | |
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| | 64 BC | Pompey captures Jerusalem | |
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| | 45 BC | Julius Caesar defeats Pompey to become the first dictator of Rome | |
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| | 44 BC | Julius Caesar assassinated | |
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| | 44 BC | 44-31BC The Triumvirate of Marc Antony, Lepidus, and Octavian (later known as Caesar Augustus) become the rulers of Rome | |
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| | 31 BC | Antony and Cleopatra are defeated by Octavian | |
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| | 27 BC | Octavian becomes Caesar Augustus, the first Roman emperor until 14AD | |
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| | 0 | The birth of Jesus Christ | |
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| | 14AD | Death of Augustus and Tiberius, stepson of Caesar Augustus, becomes emperor until 37AD | |
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| | 33 AD | Crucifixion of Jesus in the Roman province of Jerusalem and the origin of Christianity | |
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| | 37 | Gaius (Caligula) crowned Emperor | |
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| | 41 | Caligula is killed and Claudius proclaimed Emperor | |
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| | 54 | Emperor Claudius is murdered and Nero is proclaimed Emperor | |
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| | 64 | Fire destroyed much of Rome - the Christians are blamed for the destruction | |
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| | 68 | The death of Nero ended the infamous Julio-Claudian dynasty | |
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| | 75 | 75-80 The Roman emperors start to build the Coliseum in Rome as a place of gladiatorial combat | |
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| | 180 | Commodus succeeds his father Marcus Aurelius and gains imperial power | |
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| | 305 | Constantine becomes the first Christian emperor | |
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| | 380 | Christianity is declared the sole religion of the Roman Empire by Theodosius I | |
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| | 410 | The Visigoths, led by Alaric, sack Rome heralding the total decline of the Roman Empire | |
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| | 455 | The Vandals, led by Gaiseric, sack Rome | |
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| | 476 | The last Roman Emperor was Romulus Augustulus who was defeated by Odoacer who was a German Goth | |
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