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| | 1900 BC | 1900-1300 BC The Hittite Empire | |
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| | 1250 BC | The Trojan War fought between the armies of Troy (in Turkey) and Achaea (Greece) | |
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| | 1200 | 1200-600 BC Phrygian kingdom of Mithridates. King Midas and King Croesus are notable monarchs | |
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| | 547 BC | Cyrus of Persia invades and conquers most of Anatolia (Turkey) | |
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| | 334 BC | Alexander the Great of Macedon marches through Anatolia on his way to India | |
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| | 129 BC | Anatolia becomes the Roman Province of Asia ('Asia Minor') | |
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| | 330 AD | Emperor Constantine the Great dedicates Constantinople as the 'New Rome | |
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| | 527 | 527-565 Reign of Byzantine emperor Justinian | |
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| | | 1000s-1200s - Crusader armies cross Anatolia | |
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| | 1288 | Foundation of the Ottoman Empire by the warrior Osman which eventually rules North Africa, most of Eastern Europe and all of the Middle East | |
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| | 1453 | Conquest of Constantinople (Istanbul) by Sultan Mehmet II 'the Conqueror' | |
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| | 1520 | 1520-1566 Golden Age of the Ottoman Empire with the reign of Sultan Suleyman the Magnificent | |
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| | 1683 | 1683-1697 Austro-Ottoman war in which the Ottoman side was defeated signifying the decline of the Ottoman Empire | |
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| | 1682 | 1682-1725 Peter the Great initiates Russo-Turkish rivalry | |
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| | 1854 | Crimean war - Tsar Nicholas I of Russia moved troops into Rumania, then part of the Ottoman Turkish empire. His fleet then destroyed a Turkish flotilla off Sinope in the Black Sea. The Russians were defeated by the British and French with the Ottomans | |
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| | 1909 | Abdul Hamid, the last of the Ottoman sultans is deposed | |
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| | 1914 | 1914-1918 Turkey allies with Germany in the World War 1 | |
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| | 1939 | 1939-1945 Turkey remains neutral during World War 2 | |
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